Interactive effects of culture and sex hormones on the sex role self-concept.

摘要: Sex role orientation, i.e., a person's masculinity or femininity, influences cognitive and emotional performance, like biological sex. While it is now widely accepted that sex differences are modulated by the hormonal status of female participants (menstrual cycle, contraceptive use), question, whether hormones also modulate orientation has hardly been addressed previously. The present study assessed as well hormone levels in three samples from two different cultures (Northern American, Middle European). Menstrual cycle phase did not affect participant's but had significant impact on reference group. women their follicular (low hormones) determined femininity to men, luteal (high women. Hormonal users rated themselves significantly more feminine less masculine than naturally cycling Furthermore, factorial structure relationship estrogen masculinity/femininity was culture. We conclude culture interactively should be controlled for when assessing and/or femininity.