Oral vitamin D supplementation vs. ultraviolet B exposure: what is appropriate to achieve a sufficient vitamin D level?

Morten K.B. Bogh, Anne V. Schmedes, Peter A. Philipsen, Elisabeth Thieden, Hans Christian Wulf, Vitamin D production depends on ultraviolet-B dose but not on dose rate: a randomized controlled trial. Experimental Dermatology. ,vol. 20, pp. 14- 18 ,(2011) , 10.1111/J.1600-0625.2010.01201.X

A.R. Webb, R. Kift, M.T. Durkin, S.J. O’Brien, A. Vail, J.L. Berry, L.E. Rhodes, The role of sunlight exposure in determining the vitamin D status of the U.K. white adult population. British Journal of Dermatology. ,vol. 163, pp. 1050- 1055 ,(2010) , 10.1111/J.1365-2133.2010.09975.X

Alexandra Gruber-Wackernagel, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Scott N. Byrne, Peter Wolf, Patients with polymorphic light eruption have decreased serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3that increase upon 311 nm UVB photohardening Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.. ,vol. 11, pp. 1831- 1836 ,(2012) , 10.1039/C2PP25188D

John C. Dowdy, Robert M. Sayre, Michael F. Holick, Holick's rule and vitamin D from sunlight. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. ,vol. 121, pp. 328- 330 ,(2010) , 10.1016/J.JSBMB.2010.04.002

Lesley E. Rhodes, Ann R. Webb, Heather I. Fraser, Richard Kift, Marie T. Durkin, Donald Allan, Sarah J. O'Brien, Andy Vail, Jacqueline L. Berry, Recommended summer sunlight exposure levels can produce sufficient (> or =20 ng ml(-1)) but not the proposed optimal (> or =32 ng ml(-1)) 25(OH)D levels at UK latitudes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. ,vol. 130, pp. 1411- 1418 ,(2010) , 10.1038/JID.2009.417

Z. Lagunova, A.C. Porojnicu, L. Aksnes, M.F. Holick, V. Iani, Ø.S. Bruland, J. Moan, Effect of vitamin D supplementation and ultraviolet B exposure on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in healthy volunteers: a randomized, crossover clinical trial. British Journal of Dermatology. ,vol. 169, pp. 434- 440 ,(2013) , 10.1111/BJD.12349

P. Wolf, Supra-ultraviolet hits sunbed seekers. British Journal of Dermatology. ,vol. 168, pp. 465- 465 ,(2013) , 10.1111/BJD.12237

R.S. Dawe, There are no ‘safe exposure limits’ for phototherapy British Journal of Dermatology. ,vol. 163, pp. 209- 210 ,(2010) , 10.1111/J.1365-2133.2010.09746.X

Brian L. Diffey, Is casual exposure to summer sunlight effective at maintaining adequate vitamin D status? Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. ,vol. 26, pp. 172- 176 ,(2010) , 10.1111/J.1600-0781.2010.00518.X