Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the cone snails (Gastropoda, Conoidea)

摘要: We present a large-scale molecular phylogeny that includes 320 of the 761 recognized valid species cone snails (Conus), one most diverse groups marine molluscs, based on three mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S rDNA and 12S rDNA). This is first taxon to employ concatenated sequences several genes, it more than twice as many last published entire group nearly decade ago. Most numerous phylogenies during 15years are limited rather small fractions its diversity. Bayesian maximum likelihood analyses mostly congruent confirm presence previously reported highly divergent lineages among snails, identified here using data. About 85% cluster in single Large Major Clade; others divided between Small Clade (∼12%), Conus californicus lineage (one species), newly defined clade (∼3%). also define subclades within major clades, but their relationships remain poorly supported. To illustrate usefulness addressing specific evolutionary questions, we analyse evolution diet, biogeography toxins snails. All whose feeding biology known inject venom into large prey animals swallow them whole. Predation polychaete worms inferred ancestral state, diet shifts molluscs fishes occurred rarely. The ancestor probably originated from Indo-Pacific; few colonisations other biogeographic provinces have occurred. A new classification Conidae, phylogeny, an accompanying paper.