Replaying the tape: recurring biogeographical patterns in Cape Verde Conus after 12 million years.

摘要: Isolated oceanic islands are excellent natural laboratories to test the relative role of historical contingency and determinism in evolutionary diversification. Endemics marine venomous snail Conus Cape Verde archipelago were originated from at least two independent colonizations ‘small’ ‘large’ shelled species separated by 12 million years. In this study, we have reconstructed phylogenetic relationships within large-shelled (C. ateralbus, C. pseudonivifer, trochulus, venulatus) based on mitochondrial cox1 nad4 haplotype sequences. The molecular phylogeny revealed three well-supported relatively divergent clades (A, B, C) that do not correspond current classification shell colour banding patterns. Clade A grouped specimens assigned either pseudonivifer or clade B is composed venulatus, C comprises venulatus ateralbus. Geometric morphometric analyses found significant differences between radular teeth shape pseudonivifer/C. trochulus venulatus/C. northwestern Boavista Maio cluster together exclusion eastern samples. Sal, populations form a monophyletic island assemblage (clade C). remarkably replicated biogeographical patterns diversification small-shelled Conus. Similar selective forces (i.e. nonplanktonic lecithotrophy with limited larval dispersal allopatric diversification) repeated instances low sea level stands during glacial maxima allowed connection islands, overcome effect contingency, explain observed recurring