Roles of Neuronal TRP Channels in Neuroimmune Interactions

摘要: In order to survive, organisms must adapt environmental conditions that may subject them changes in physical variables such as temperature, pressure, light, concentration of chemicals, and so on. addition, they be able react appropriately their biological milieu especially the challenge presented by pathogens colonize tissues, producing injury, depletion resources, interference with vital metabolic functions. The adaptation processes typically entail initial detection external stimuli posterior implementation reflex reactions. While classical view sensing is carried out mainly sensory neurons pathogen-derived cues immune cells, recent years it has become clear there a functional interplay between nervous systems. These neuroimmune interactions arise not only from an intense biochemical cross-talk but also overlap functions these cells.As exciting important is, study seems its infancy, due insufficient interaction immunologists neuroscientists. There however, one concept—inflammation—that serves meeting point for research communities. But again interesting see immunologists, inflammation related action regulation without much consideration given neural For neuroscientists, mostly associated “neurogenic inflammation.” This concept refers consequences local release inflammatory mediators upon activation nerve endings, which include vasodilation, plasma extravasation, recruitment leukocytes degranulation mast cells (Chiu et al., 2012; Engel 2011a; Fernandes 2009; Geppetti 2008; Russell 2014).Neuroimmune can take place at systemic levels, occurs when acetylcholine released circulation parasympathetic innervation thus influencing function distal level close-range cross-talks (Andersson Tracey, Chiu Ordovas-Montanes 2015). Neuronal signals neurotransmitters neuropeptides influence hematopoiesis, priming migration while cytokines histamine produced latter lead neuronal sensitization. central system, two-sided particularly evident microglia have roles neuroinflammatory (Skaper 2014).Several advances field neuroimmunology been driven need considering, some cases reconsidering, system understand pathologies were defined disorders (see, e.g., Bautista 2014; Belvisi 2016; Halliez Buret, 2015; Hyland Ji, Mayer Mazzone Undem, O'Malley, Undem Taylor-Clark, 2014). Increasing evidence indicates are implicated hypersensitivity hyperreactivity irritable bowel syndrome, rhinitis, asthma. Additional momentum gained through identification molecules receptors mechanisms cellular cross-talk.In this chapter, we focus on transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins (Flockerzi Nilius, Nilius Flockerzi, 2014), compose superfamily cation channels play increasingly acknowledged pathophysiology all vertebrate systems, including (Gerhold Bautista, Julius, 2013; Mickle Talavera Vennekens 2012) (Parenti 2016) They responses, phenomenon neurogenic (Geppetti Xanthos Sandkuhler, via proinflammatory either resident tissues or infiltrating, (Echeverry Eder, 2010; Sharma Ping, macrophages (Isami 2013), neutrophils (Gelderblom (Freichel 2012). two main protagonists capsaicin TRPV1 broadly tuned noxious chemosensor TRPA1. expression nociceptive clearly established (Bevan Zygmunt Hogestatt, following, discuss how several TRP serve sense exogenous cues, well endogenous effector review implication during processes.