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摘要: We show how optimizing models, computer simulation, and expert opinion were integrated to investigate the potential performance of a waterway navigation system under different scheduling regimes infrastructure changes. Analytical models are used derive rules that balance efficiency against equity. Discrete-event simulation is assess various infrastructural changes (helper boats, expanded locks) traffic management schemes (such as load leveling, priority scheduling, or self-regulation by barge industry). Expert sought address concerns stakeholders shed light on industry reactions policy alternatives. importance triangulation involving modeling philosophical approaches in generating relevant information for development solution strategies.