Neuroimaging of focal cortical dysplasia.

摘要: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a common cause of pharmacoresistant epilepsy that amenable to surgical resective treatment. The identification structural FCD by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can contribute the detection epileptogenic zone and improve outcome surgery. MR protocols include specific T1 T2 weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences give complementary information about characteristic features FCD; focal thickening, blurring gray-white junction, high FLAIR signal, gyral anatomical abnormalities. Novel techniques such as spectroscopy (MRS), magnetization transfer (MTI), diffusion tensor (DTI) sensitivity localize lesion. Functional/metabolic positron emission tomography (PET), ictal subtraction single photon computed (SPECT), functional MRI (fMRI), source (MSI) have potential visualize metabolic, vascular, properties lesion, respectively. Identification eloquent areas cortex, assist in resection plan, be obtained non-invasively through use fMRI MSI. Although significant number lesions remain unidentified using current neuroimaging techniques, future advances should result an increasing these malformations.