REBUILDING OUR BRIDGES -- WHY AND HOW

摘要: There are two outstanding reasons why U.S. bridges are, for the most part, in a condition of disrepair: (1) Civil engineers have been required to produce estimates construction costs prior public bidding contracts. These based on "first cost," meaning engineer's best guess lowest bidder's price, rather than life-cycle cost. This has, past, controlled design decision-making favor first-cost considerations only. (2) The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) had abided by law which prohibits use federal funds maintenance or preventive items any bridge reconstruction contract. article examines activities ASTM Subcommittee D04.32 Bridges and Structures, such as funding, authorizations permits, hearings others.