RESEARCH ON CATECHOLASES, LACCASES AND CRESOLASES IN PLANTS. RECENT PROGRESS AND FUTURE NEEDS

摘要: Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) reveal a range of forms and occur in all plants crops. PPOs are comprised three enzymes (catecholase, laccase, cresolase) with very different activities specificities. Cresolase has dualistic form (cresolase is only tyrosinase animals microorganisms). Very often the literature generic word "PPO" used inappropriately as one enzyme. This should be avoided future studies, clear systematics correct nomenclature needed for proper research. have substrate specificities typical inhibitors, they catalyze hydroxylation oxidation processes plants. Pigment formation cells cellular systems affected by active PPOs. Catecholases, laccases cresolases encoded nuclear genes Various PPO DNA sequences been found, multiple gene families. The protective potential enhanced herbivory resistance debated, final evidence not yet appeared. activity germination recognized, but its mechanism still clear. Seed testa coloration Arabidopsis thaliana effected laccase catecholase. TT10 encoding seed isolated. genome analysis led to identification 16 other putative their genes, named AtLAC1 AtLAC17 according position genome. Challenging areas research mobilization endosperm micropylar regions, part plant defense system