Lipid Exchange Envelope Penetration (LEEP) of Nanoparticles for Plant Engineering: A Universal Localization Mechanism

摘要: Nanoparticles offer clear advantages for both passive and active penetration into biologically important membranes. However, the uptake localization mechanism of nanoparticles within living plants, plant cells, organelles has yet to be elucidated.1 Here, we examine subcellular kinetic trapping a wide range first time, using chloroplast as model system, but validated in vivo plants. Confocal visible near-infrared fluorescent microscopy single particle tracking gold-cysteine-AF405 (GNP-Cys-AF405), streptavidin-quantum dot (SA-QD), dextran poly(acrylic acid) nanoceria, various polymer-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), including lipid-PEG-SWCNT, chitosan-SWCNT 30-base (dAdT) sequence ssDNA (AT)15 wrapped SWCNTs (hereafter referred ss(AT)15-SWCNT), are used demonstrate that size magnitude, not sign, zeta potential key determining whether is spontaneously kinetically trapped organelle, despite negative envelope. We develop mathematical this lipid exchange envelope (LEEP) mechanism, which agrees well with observations dependence. The theory predicts critical below fails at all potentials, explaining why process. LEEP constitutes powerful particulate transport system.