Mediterranean landscape evolution and degradation as multivariate biofunctions: Theoretical and practical implications

摘要: Abstract Naveh, Z., 1982. Mediterranean landscape evolution and degradation as multivariate bio-functions: theoretical practical implications. Landscape Plann. , 9: 125–146. The of the natural is described a function independent initial driving ecosystem state factors on their dependent soil biotic variables. increasingly dominant role man controlling factor, by hunting gathering burning in Upper Pleistocene agro-pastoral land uses during historical times, has turned these functions into anthropogenic biofunctions. In latter, introduction man-made cultural artifacts variables created landscape. detrimental effects disrupting traditional functions, either increasing or completely releasing defoliation pressures burning, grazing cutting monospecies pine afforestation present neotechnological are demonstrated quantifying species composition, diversity vegetation structure. ecosystems California, which biofunctions were introduced abruptly only recent decades, have not lower but lacking adaptive resilience acquired area. They are, therefore, more vulnerable succumbed to chiefly autogameous-weedy invaders unintentionally from at time Spanish settlement. It concluded that conservation landscapes organic variety can be ensured continuation and/or simulation under evolved, thereby maintaining dynamic evolutionary flow equilibrium within closely interwoven networks multiple land-use patterns.