Molecular aspects of plant hormones

摘要: 1 Plant Hormones and Other Growth Substances - Their Background, Structures Occurrence (With 10 figures).- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Ethylene.- 1.3 Auxins.- 1.4 Gibberellins.- 1.5 Cytokinins.- 1.6 Abscisic Acid Related Compounds.- 1.7 Constituents Which Affect Growth.- a) Aromatic b) Nitrogen-Containing c) Terpenoid d) Aliphatic e) References.- 2 Extraction, Purification, Identification 38 2.1 Methods of Isolation.- 2.1.1 Extraction Active Principles from Materials.- General Remarks.- 2.1.2 Fractionation Based on Solvent Partitioning Ion Exchange Resin.- 2.1.3 Column Chromatography Purification Techniques.- Adsorption Chromatography.- Partition Sephadex Gel Permeation Insoluble Polyvinylpyrrolidone f) Countercurrent Distribution.- g) 2.1.4 Examples Hormones.- Isolation Auxins Young Citrus Fruits.- Indole-3-Ethanol Cucumber Seedlings.- Gibberellins A1? A5, A6, A8 Immature Phaseolus Seeds.- Gibberellin Conjugates Mature Cytokinins Sweet Corn.- Glucosylzeatin Glucosyl Ribosylzeatin Vinca rosea Crown Gall.- Cotton 2.2 Without 2.2.1 Criteria Reliability.- 2.2.2 Paper Thin-Layer by 2.2.3 Gas-Liquid 2.2.4 High Performance (Pressure) Liquid 2.2.5 Combined Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.- GC-MS.- Selected Monitoring.- 2.2.6 Optical Rotatory Dispersion Circular Dichroism.- 3 Quantitative Analysis 3.1 3.2 Theoretical Considerations.- 3.2.1 Basic Analytical Errors Accuracy Precision.- 3.2.2 Samples Open-Ended Systems.- 3.2.2.1 Open Versus Closed 3.2.2.2 as a Probability Term.- 3.2.2.3 Verification Accuracy.- Successive Approximation.- Information Content.- Some 3.3 Assays.- 3.3.1 Bioassays.- 3.3.2 Immunological 3.3.3 Physicochemical Detectors.- 3.4 Chromatographic Procedures.- 3.5 Internal Standards.- 3.6 3.6.1 Indole-3-Acetic Acid.- 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 3.7 Summary.- 3.8 List Symbols.- 4 Biosynthesis Metabolism 4.1 Biosynthetic Pathways.- 4.1.1 Tryptophan Primary Precursor.- Pathways IAA Formation Tryptophan.- Indole-3-Pyruvic Pathway.- Tryptamine Possible Chlorinated 4.1.2 tRNA-Cytokinins.- Free 4.1.3 Origin: 4.1.4 Mevalonic Precursor ABA.- Compounds with Pre-Formed Carbon Skeleton ABA Degradation Carotenoids.- 4.1.5 View.- Enzymic Cyclization Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate to ent-Kaurene.- Oxidation Contraction Ring B in Conversion C20-Gibberellins into C19-Gibberellins.- Predominant Steps Regulation Biosynthesis.- 4.1.6 Ethylene Model Synthesis Vivo Physiological Enzymes Reaction Mechanisms.- 4.2 (Interconversion Catabolism).- 4.2.1 Routes Products Catabolism.- Significance Control Catabolism Vivo.- 4.2.2 4.2.3 6 -Hydroxymethyl Phaseic 4'-Dihydrophaseic Its 4'-Epimer.- 4.2.4 Interconversion C19-Gibberellins the Fungus.- Higher Plants.- Environmental Factors.- 4.2.5 4.3 Conjugation.- 4.3.1 Peptidyl Conjugates.- Glycosyl myo-Inositol 4.3.2 Metabolic Conjugation Investigations.- 4.3.3 4.3.4 Endogenous Chemical Enzymatic Hydrolysis Biological Activity Function 4.4 Localization Metabolism.- 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 5 Molecular Subcellular Aspects Hormone Action.- 5.1 5.1.1 Receptor Characteristics.- 5.1.2 Methodology Studies.- Binding Data.- Acquisition 5.2 5.2.1 Structure-Activity Relationships.- 5.2.2 Potential Location Auxin Receptors.- 5.2.3 Nuclear Cytoplasmic Mediator Proteins.- Auxin-Binding 5.2.4 Membrane-Bound The Corn Coleoptile System.- Sites Tissues.- 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 Transfer RNA (tRNA).- 5.3.3 Cytokinin Sub-Cellular Components.- 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 Transcriptional Control: Analogies Animal Steroid Hormones...- 5.4.3 Effects Membrane Organization.- 5.4.4 Action Artificial 5.4.5 Changes Cell Extensibility.- 5.5 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.7 Concluding Treatment Tissue.- 6.1 6.2 Processes Involved 6.2.1 Kinetic Studies Extension.- Nucleic Acids Effect.- Effect Wall.- 6.2.2 Regulators.- 3-Methyleneoxindole.- Fusicoccin.- 6.2.3 Conclusions.- 6.3 Regulators Transport Properties.- 6.3.1 Stomata.- 6.3.2 Hormone-Directed Transport.- 6.4 Non-Growing 6.4.1 Aleurone Layer 6.5 Differentiating 6.6 Author Index.