Serotonergic neurotoxicity of methylenedioxyamphetamine and methylenedioxymetamphetamine.

摘要: 3,4-(±)-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-(±)-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”) are ring-substituted amphetamine derivatives that have stimulant hallucinogenic properties (1,2). MDA MDMA popular recreational drugs their abuse is increasing in both the United States (3) Europe (4). In recent years clandestine manufacture appearance on street made them of (5,6) for ability to induce “a state sensory amplification enhancement without appreciable sympathomimetic stimulation” (7) been reported as useful adjuncts psychotherapy (8). After misuse, chronic paranoid psychosis has reported, which persistent resistant treatment with haloperidol (9). experimental animals, including primates, toxicity also manifest a selective serotonergic neurotoxicity. The actions biphasic, initially causing an acute release 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (10) followed by prolonged depletion 5-HT 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), inhibition tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) (11,12), structural damage terminal preterminal axons various regions central nervous system (11,13). immediate caused these compounds can be blocked vitro uptake inhibitors (14). long term neurotoxicity vivo (15) receptor antagonists, but potentiated L-dopa (16). predominant adverse consequences humans include convulsions, hyperthermia, rhabomyolysis, liver renal failure (17).