Chapter Six – Detection and Mechanisms of Resistance Evolved in Insects to Cry Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis

摘要: Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins (Bt crops) have been planted globally to control some key pests. Benefited from implementation of proactive resistance management strategies such as the refuge strategy and pyramid in many countries, most target pests Bt sustainably effectively controlled for nearly 20 years. However, several cases field-evolved corn cotton documented, causing reduced field efficacy. Evolution by is a real threat continued success crops. It crucial employ sensitive detection methods monitor evolution insects thereby adapt proactively delay evolution. Recent progress considerations were reviewed on four approaches: concentration-response assay, F1 screen, F2 screen DNA screen. Diverse genetic options cope with are challenging efforts understand mechanisms design rational strategies. Understanding molecular basis essential developing intelligent Clarifying facilitated advanced our understanding modes action toxins. The recent advances summarized both laboratory-selected strains populations. According current knowledge mechanisms, implications directions future research suggested.