Mercapturic acids of acrylamide and glycidamide as biomarkers of the internal exposure to acrylamide in the general population

摘要: Abstract Acrylamide (AA), a widely used industrial monomer which is categorised to be carcinogenic, was found generated in starch-containing foods during the heating process. This discovery has caused reasonable concern about possible health risks humans due dietary acrylamide uptake. In order gain more information on human metabolism of and contribute assessment carcinogenic risk AA uptake we measured mercapturic acid its epoxide glycidamide (GA) i.e. N -acetyl- S -(2-carbamoylethyl)- l -cysteine (AAMA) -( R,S )-acetyl- -(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)- (GAMA) urine. The relation between AAMA GAMA important this context because GA thought ultimate metabolite AA. median levels smokers ( n  = 13) were four times higher than non-smokers  = 16) with 127 μg/l versus 29 μg/l for 19 μg/l 5 μg/l GAMA. Therefore cigarette smoke proved an source exposure. level occupationally non-exposed collective  = 29) ranged from 3 338 μg/l,