New insights into molecular typing methods for Staphylococcus aureus

摘要: Staphylococcus aureus (SA) remains a significant problem causing infections in both hospital and community settings. Methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) continues to evolve pose great challenge through outbreaks pandemic spread. Humans are no longer the only most important reservoir of SA. The nature especially MRSA has started change emerged animal reservoirs particularly bovine pigs. These can be transmitted humans. Rapid typing pathogens is for infection control. Several methods have been developed characterize different resolutions detection or population studies. However, currently available not satisfactory particular outbreak detection. We evaluated variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) scheme study purposes humans (HSA) from mastitis (BSA) pigs-related (PSA). This employed simple DNA amplification six VNTRs termed staphylococcal interspersed units (SIRUs), SIRU01, -05, -07, -13, -15, -21. Evaluation MLVA was based on typeability, reproducibility, stability, discriminatory power, epidemiologic concordance. validated compared with methods. Furthermore, we investigated microarray limited probes HSA levels. Using these correlated virulence factors which might underlie mastitis, Dutch BSA that were genotyped by MLVA. In addition, transmission between pig farms Netherlands. Our demonstrated performed very well suitable PSA. method fast, cheap, highly discriminatory, reproducible, stable portable, widely implemented institutions without access more advanced techniques such as sequencing. because some SIRUs SIRU05 PSA poor, replacement another locus addition should investigated. Ideally, this new also used keep universal possible. Moreover, usefulness would greatly enhanced when library web-based database international comparison set up. Microarrays useful level using cut-offs. Quality utility improved well-defined genetic distance cut-off, removal unstable probes, inclusion resistance genes specific shown BSA. Certain appear required pathogenesis although an alternative explanation gene profiles lead mastitis. showed within production chain occurs, profited if it at time study.