Developing cancer immunotherapies

摘要: Effective antitumor responses require communication between antigen-presenting cells, T-cell subsets, B cells and natural killer cells. However, tumors have developed a number of mechanisms to avoid detection elimination by the immune system. This results in microenvironment that can contribute failure response tumor or prevention effective immune-mediated killing. Understanding barriers immunity allows for rational design targeted immunotherapies. The characterization antigens has led development promising vaccine candidates. Our work concentrated on cancer/testis antigen NY-ESO-1, which been an important focus vaccine-based therapies against melanoma. Immune NY-ESO-1 occur spontaneously be induced vaccination patients with resected disease. In contrast, use vaccines advanced melanoma setting disappointing, reduced clinical immunological efficacy. lack is observed other disease settings antigens, might part explained recruitment increased numbers T-regulatory strong immunosuppressive environment. benefits cancer immunotherapy enhanced if it were possible identify characteristics distinguish who are more likely respond.