Comparative morphology of pretarsal scopulae in eleven spider families

摘要: Many wandering spiders bear attachment pads (scopulae) on their tarsi, consisting of hierarchically-branching adhesive setae. Amongst spider families and even species, these show remarkable differences in morphology. Using scanning electron microscopy, the scopula microstructure sixteen species was described, with focus pretarsal scopulae (claw tufts). Area shape claw tuft, seta setule density, as well spatula dimensions were analysed compared. Claw tufts majority studied a similar gradient size from anterior to posterior legs: dimension increases, while setal density decreases. Commonly, there is also both within tuft: Setae become larger proximal distal part pad, spatulae increases same direction at level individual seta. Often, different hierarchical levels tuft organisation are differently expressed species: Species lower usually have broader Smaller often implicates higher density. Evolutionary ecological aspects origin discussed.