THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF THE SOLUBLE PROTEIN IN HUMAN AMNIOTIC FLUID

摘要: Summary 1. Amniotic fluid surrounds the human fetus and is separated from uterus by amnion, chorion placenta. The ability to obtain samples of amniotic women a simple procedure has encouraged studies on nature origin fluid, its use for diagnosis variety clinical conditions. contains cells, which are fetal origin, can be grown in tissue culture. Cyto-genetic biochemical analyses therefore used detect chromosomal aberrations inborn errors metabolism fetus. 2. supernatant many solutes typical extracellular fluid. In particular, it wide range proteins those likely prenatal disease. This review examines soluble protein discusses diagnostic uses origin. 3. other mammals, arrangement membranes different that man, these differences reflected changes Thus data animals have little applicability man. 4. Electrophoresis immunoelectrophoresis established major also present maternal sera. Their concentrations influenced their molecular weight larger than about 2.5 times 106 may excluded. Towards term, phenotyping show number serum origin. case group-specific component (Gc) this been shown so throughout pregnancy. Such must enter diffusing across either or chorionic plate then amnion. 5. It previously claimed various For albumin IgG there strongly support evidence insulin inconclusive. concentration β2-microglobulin exceeds probably too high source. distribution enters surrounding structures. 6. Alpha-fetoprotein as at far lower concentrations. found serum, urine yolk sac, but not clear how normal fetuses. Gc alpha-fetoprotein measured sera relative was much greater gradients marker compared with proteins. way further obtained albumin, α1,-antitrypsin transferrin mainly pregnancy. 7. Immunological least three non-serum they located amnion uterine decidua. 8. enzymes summarized. Many lysosomal clearly since altered specific activities appropriate cases where affected an error metabolism. enzymes, analysis activity help decide extent enzyme although will exclude possibility (uterine) contribution. results such suggest that, greatest minor occurs between thirteen eighteen weeks pregnancy towards term. 9. Some diagnosed prenatally measuring respective However, presence similar substrate specificities prevented Pompe's disease. 10. anencephaly spina bifida increase provided detecting diseases early enough allow termination pregnancy. 11. discovery new tissues cavity would seem provide best chance extending into areas medicine.