Macrophages Are Essential for the Early Wound Healing Response and the Formation of a Fibrovascular Scar

摘要: After wounding, multiple cell types interact to form a fibrovascular scar; the formation and cellular origins of these scars are incompletely understood. We used laser-injury wound model choroidal neovascularization in eye determine spatiotemporal events that lead scar. laser injury, F4/80+ myeloid cells infiltrate site induce smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression adjacent retinal pigment epithelial cells, with subsequent SMA+NG2+ myofibroblastic scaffold, into which endothelial then lesion. Cells scaffold express proangiogenic factor IL-1β strongly, whereas main source VEGF-A. Subsequent is limited area demarcated by this occurs independently epithelial- or myeloid-derived The macrophages, actively proliferate early phase healing response. Cell-lineage tracing experiments suggest originates from pericyte-like cells. Targeted ablation macrophages inhibits analysis reveals Arg1+YM1+F4/80+ alternatively activated M2-like do not require IL-4/STAT6 IL-10 signaling for their activation. Thus, essential response