Complications in Anesthesia

摘要: Anesthesia-related complications still exist and account for significant morbidity. This chapter reviews common encountered throughout anesthesia practice, its etiology, management. Trauma results from a variety of procedures, such as airway manipulation, vascular access, positioning, peripheral nerve blockade. Dental injury is the most upper injury, but management can cause to all structures including nostrils, tongue, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus. Esophageal perforation lead death. Vascular access essential multiple arterial venous thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, sheared catheter, intra-arterial injections, air embolism, cardiac/vascular perforation, pulmonary artery rupture, etc. Anesthesiologists should be aware preventing neuropathy resulting excessive pressure applied mask, tourniquet use, intraneural injection. Corneal abrasions are eye during non-ophthalmologic surgeries, while postoperative vision loss rare, devastating complication. Preventing an operating room (OR) fire important patient safety issue anesthesiologists use lowest oxygen concentration in laser procedures avoid burns, which disaster patient. Mild hypothermia general due impaired thermoregulation cold environmental exposure. However, it keep warm surgery many adverse effects that has, increased metabolic demand, shivering, surgical infection, delayed wound healing. Both laryngospasms bronchospasms severe respiratory require rapid treatment mortality. Postobstruction edema occurs after laryngospasm treated with supportive measures positive ventilation cases. Anaphylaxis defined serious, generalized or systemic allergic hypersensitivity reaction life threatening. The triggers anaphylaxis neuromuscular-blocking agents (NMBAs), antibiotics, latex, hypnotic agents, opioids, colloids. Immediate recognition key Ephinephrine first line drug restore circulation event circulatory collapse. Perioperative aspiration induction anesthesia, procedure, immediate period surgery. American Society (ASA) fasting guideline followed prevent gastric contents.