Estimates of injecting drug users at the national and local level in developing and transitional countries, and gender and age distribution

摘要: Objective: To present and update available national subnational estimates of injecting drug users (IDUs) in developing/transitional countries, provide indicative gender age distribution. Methods: Literature review both grey published literature including updates from previously reported on IDU population data sources giving breakdowns. The scope area was countries the reference period 1998–2005. Results: Estimates numbers were 105 243 areas. largest populations Brazil, China, India, Russia (0.8 m, 1.9 1.1 1.6 m respectively). Subnational areas with (35 000–79 000) are: Warsaw (Poland); Barnadul, Irtkustk, Nizhny-Novgorod, Penza, Voronez, St Petersburg, Volgograd (Russia); New Delhi Mumbai (India); Jakarta (Indonesia), Bangkok (Thailand). By region, Eastern Europe Central Asia have prevalence (median 0.65%) (min 0.3%; max 2.2%; Q1 0.79%; Q3 1.74%) followed by Pacific: 0.24% 0.004%; 1.47%; 0.37%; 1.1%). In Middle East Africa median value equals 0.2% 0.0003%; 0.35%; 0.09%; 0.26%) Latin America Caribbean: 0.12% 0.002%; 7.04%; 1.76%; 5.28%). Greater dispersion prevalences observed Asia, Pacific (IQR 1.91 1.47 highest among adults (8–14.9%) Shymkent (Kazakhstan), Balti (Moldova), Astrakhan, Khabarovsk, Kaliningrad, Naberezhnyje Chelny, Togliatti, Volgograd, Yaroslavl (Russia), Dushanbe (Tajikistan), Ashgabad (Turkmenistan), Ivano-Frankivsk Pavlograd (Ukraine) Imphal, Manipur (India). 66% (297/447) without technical information. Data age/gender distributions are also scarce or unavailable for many countries. 11 European Asian group ⩽20–29 represented >50% total. proportion men 70%–90% there a marked absence women outside this region. Conclusion: Unfortunately to international policymakers is an unknown probably yet be tested quality. This study baseline figures but steps need taken now improve reporting assessment these critical data.