Simulating the maintenance of a rare fish morph experiencing negative frequency dependent selection.

摘要: Abstract Empirical work assessing the maintenance of rare genotypes in natural populations is difficult over very long time scales. Skirting this problematic issue possible with theory and simulations. Major theoretical constructs, including mutation-selection balance balancing selection, explain genotypes, occurrence multiple, time. Additionally, numerical simulations are valuable tools for evolving biological systems because they allow monitoring scales, as well controlling model parameters, thus contributing to exploration system dynamics that cannot be assessed nature. Here we employed explore importance several factors contribute a fish color-pattern polymorphism. We present two-morph polymorphism allowed us test sensitivity morph's persistence population's stability multiple parameters. Our ran 10,000 years (where one year approximately generation) demonstrated stable morph which persisted at frequency ∼10 −2 , in-fact rare, mottled black mosquitofish populations. This pigmentation stable, independent changes population size, but can destabilized high predation when coupled low birth rates. Employing models empirical fitness estimates tool vertebrate morphs nature, however few studies exist have accomplished task. approach adapted modeling (particularly additional live-bearing fishes like sailfin mollies) also harbor within large