From Barrett's esophagus to adenocarcinoma and metastasis

摘要: textabstractThe first description of islets ectopic gastric mucosa in the esophagus was by Schmidt 1805. One century later, 1906, Tileston described peptic ulcerations columnar epithelium lining distal esophagus. In 1950 Norman Barrett gave a detailed lined He regarded mediastinal extension the stomach, as result congenitally short based his theory on nature and mucosal secretions lining, whereas absence musculature peritoneal covering normal stomach were ignored. that period Lortat-Jacob same condition, which he named endobrachyesophagus, term still used French literature. Barrett's observation mucosa, extending a continuous sheet into mediastinum. He observed mucosa could extend for varying distance could reach far aortic arch. Allison Johnstone 1953 showed anatomically functionally the segment digestive tract by is part These authors suggested so-called might be an acquired rather than congenital condition. This implies consequence gastroesophageal reflux, oesophageal squamous converted to columnar epithelium through metaplasia. several studies, authors noted "upward migration" squamo-columnar junction during follow-up patients with gastro-esophageal reflux. Animal experiments proved generated presence gastro-oesophageal reflux. Through these observations it had become apparent Barrett's esophagus acquired rather Around 1980 most authors appear favor view origin esophagus However, islands do occur. They are found up 10% individuals undergoing endoscopy. These so called "inlet patches" occur principally cervical are mostly surrounded normal epithelium.