Update and clinical utility of alcaftadine ophthalmic solution 0.25% in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

摘要: Allergic disorders of the ocular surface are primarily characterized as IgE- and/or T-lymphocyte-mediated that affect cornea, conjunctiva, and eyelid. Approximately 40% individuals in developed countries have allergic conjunctivitis, such, it is most common form allergy. Seasonal conjunctivitis prevalent type impacts quality life patients. This article reviews pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, efficacy, safety alcaftadine. Histamine pathological mechanism allergy will be briefly reviewed with intent providing a background for detailed discussion on utility alcaftadine conjunctivitis. The Medline PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar databases were used to search evidence-based literature histamine immunopathological well efficacy treatment management goals prevent or minimize inflammatory cascade associated response early stages mechanism. It note activation receptors immune nonimmune cells allergen-induced inflammation conjunctiva its manifestations, including itching, edema, hyperemia, tearing. Alcaftadine an efficacious multiple action antiallergic therapeutic agent inverse agonist activity H1, H2, H4 receptors, anti-inflammatory mast cell stabilizing effects could provide benefits patients