Marine mammals and good environmental status: science, policy and society; challenges and opportunities

摘要: The Marine Strategy Framework Directive has become the key instrument for marine conservation in European seas. We review its implementation, focusing on cetacean biodiversity, using examples of Spain and Regional Seas Convention, OSPAR. MSFD been widely criticised legal vagueness, lack coordination, uncertainty about funding, poor governance; future role within EU Integrated Maritime Policy remains unclear. Nevertheless, first stages process have run broadly to schedule: current status, environmental objectives indicators described design monitoring programmes is progress, drawing experience with other legislation. now entering critical phase, funding monitoring, limited scope management interventions, how will be reconciled needs maritime sectors, being among main concerns. Clarity governance, roles EU, Member States, Conventions stakeholders, needed ensure success. However, even if (as seems likely) good status cannot achieved by 2020, significant steps taken place sustainability centre-stage development