作者: Floris M. van Beest , Philip D. McLoughlin , Atle Mysterud , Ryan K. Brook
DOI: 10.1111/ECOG.01339
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摘要: Habitat selection is complex due to density dependence and functional responses, defined as variation in relative habitat use depending on availability. In this study we unite these concepts by empirically testing for density-dependent responses using a large herbivore, elk Cervus canadensis manitobensis, model species. Theory predicts specialised behaviour when densities are low with gradual switch generalist (more even of habitat) competition intensifies. This suggests that should be positive low, but may have negative effect the response constraining effects We tested prediction data from Global Positioning System (GPS) collared (n = 33) empirical spatiotemporal local during winter Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba, Canada (2002–2011). As increased, home range size decreased proportion mixed forest (providing shelter forage elk) used available within also decreased. Our resource function (RSF) revealed clear selection, being strongest (or weakest) high quality quality) types at lowest observed leading more increased. The was negatively affected density. Increasing availability associated higher (positive response); no moderate (no lower increased (negative response). demonstrates process largely driven it constrains habitat.