Ranking the ecological causes of dispersal in a butterfly

摘要: Dispersal, i.e. movements potentially leading to gene flow, is central in evolutionary ecology. Many factors can trigger dispersal, all linked the social and/or environmental context. Moreover, it now widely demonstrated that phenotypes with contrasted dispersal abilities coexist within populations of a same species. The current challenge elucidate how and will influence decision individuals distinct phenotypes. We have used Metatron, unique experimental mesocosm dedicated study fragmented landscapes, analyze relative interactive roles played by ten potential triggers two-patch metapopulations butterflies. demonstrate our model species some (flight performance wing length) direct effects on emigration decision, others act only through (sex ratio), while third class presents both (weather conditions, habitat quality sex). also show disperser resident behavioral morphological attributes, revealing existence syndrome. Finally, results suggest context, especially weather conditions quality, prevails over individual butterflies' disperse. Our approach applicable many facing medium strong fluctuations, constitutes new way master idiosyncrasy process. framework should help prioritize responsible for populations' spatial distribution, which obviously crucial era global changes.