Correlations between land covers and honey bee colony losses in a country with industrialized and rural regions.

摘要: Abstract High levels of honey bee colony losses were recently reported from Canada, China, Europe, Israel, Turkey and the United States, raising concerns a global pollinator decline questioning current land use practices, in particular intense agricultural cropping systems. Sixty-seven crops (data years 2010–2012) 66 mid-term stable cover classes 2007) analysed for statistical relationships with experienced over winters 2010/11–2012/13 Luxembourg (Western Europe). The area covered by each class, shortest distance between class respective apiary, number plots size biggest plot within radii 2 km 5 km around 166 apiaries (2010), 184 (2011) 188 (2012) tested correlations (% per apiary) winter following season when grown. Artificial water bodies, open urban areas, large industrial facilities including heavy industry, railways associated installations, buildings installations socio-cultural purpose, camping-, sports-, playgrounds, golf courts, oilseed other than rape like sunflower or linseed, some spring cereals former forest clearcuts windthrows most frequently high losses. Grain maize, mixed coniferous low present data suggest that covers related to transport, industry leisure may have made more substantial contribution developed countries anticipated so far. Recommendations positioning are discussed.