The Status of Honey Bee Health in Italy: Results from the Nationwide Bee Monitoring Network

摘要: In Italy a nation-wide monitoring network was established in 2009 response to significant honey bee colony mortality reported during 2008. The comprised of approximately 100 apiaries located across Italy. Colonies were sampled four times per year, order assess the health status and collect samples for pathogen, chemical pollen analyses. prevalence Nosema ceranae ranged, on average, from 47–69% 30–60% 2010, with strong seasonal variation. Virus higher 2010 than 2009. most widespread viruses BQCV, DWV SBV. frequent pesticides all hive contents organophosphates pyrethroids such as coumaphos tau-fluvalinate. Beeswax frequently contaminated product, 40% positive 13% having multiple residues, while 27% bee-bread 12% contaminated. Colony losses 2009/10 average 19%, no major differences between regions 2009, presence autumn positively correlated losses. Similarly, BQCV infected colonies first second visits year. significantly related bees sampling period. Honey exposure poisons spring could have negative impact at level, contributing increase beekeeping season. both rates percentage agricultural land surrounding apiaries, supporting importance use health.