Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I) Proviral Load and Clinical Features in Iranian HAM/TSP Patients: Comparison of HTLV-I Proviral Load in HAM/TSP Patients.

摘要: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) was the first human retrovirus discovered (1), and it has been estimated that 10-20 million people worldwide are infected with HTLV-I (2). This is endemic in several regions of world, such as southwestern Japan, Caribbean basin, Central Africa, South America, Melanesian Islands, Middle East (3, 4). The prevalence infection Iran (Mashhad) to be 2-3% entire population, 0.7% among blood donors (5). Most HTLV-I-infected individuals remain asymptomatic carriers (6). Whereas, small percentage develop neoplastic disease adult leukemia (ATL), inflammatory condition HTLV-I- associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) (7). Only 5% HAM/TSP (8). HAM/TSP results demyelination spinal cord clinical manifestations this include progressive muscle weakness hyperreflexia lower limbs, sensory disturbance, urinary incontinence, impotence (9-11). These symptoms generally slowly progressive, while patients at older ages onset show faster progression. Women affected more frequently than men (12, 13). The precise pathophysiology not yet clear but, previous studies suggested both subgroups, host genetic immunological factors may development HAM/TSP, particularly cytokine gene polymorphisms (14, 15). Proviral load a major determinant outcome for chronic infections HIV-1 2, hepatitis B virus, C virus. Also recent have important role proviral T-lymphotropic virus-I (16). In significantly higher loads observed compared carriers, suggesting active viral replication plays key disease. A study shown high level Tax expression low CD8+ anti-viral efficiency correlated (PVL) (17). In risk between Iranian Japanese were compared, found median two-fold greater healthy (HCs), whereas 13-fold HCs. In addition, HCs significant differences two populations reflect leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype populations. genome DNA samples extracted from whole but peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs). probably underestimated comparison ones (18). aim evaluate manifestation compare other parts world.