Cutaneous Toxicology of Arsenic

摘要: It is estimated that 200 million people worldwide are at risk of toxic arsenic exposure with an alarmingly higher number individuals in developing countries already suffering from chronic arsenicosis. The International Agency for Research on Cancer categorized as a class I human carcinogen. In this chapter, we have summarized several aspects This review focuses the history, epidemiology, clinical findings, histopathology, molecular pathogenesis, and treatment options related to ingestion. Arsenic metalloid found great abundance within earth’s crust, which easily enters groundwater following subtle changes soil pH, temperature, etc. Chronic ingestion most common cause arsenicosis, may occur through environmental, occupational, or accidental exposure. Historically, was used medicine various maladies such eczema, furuncles, leprosy, lichen rubor, lupus, molluscum contagiosum, pemphigus, psoriasis, syphilis, urticaria, warts. modern medicine, compounds still used, but only tropical diseases African trypanosomiasis hematologic malignancies including promyelocytic leukemia. Although poisoning damages many organ systems, it usually first presents skin manifestations hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratoses, Bowen’s disease, squamous cell carcinoma, basal carcinoma. there no reliable histopathological method distinguish arsenical keratoses actinic keratoses, some cases demonstrate unique vacuolization epithelial cells, keratin horn formation, absent solar elastosis, dermal lymphocytic infiltrate. An accumulating body evidence suggests causes its deleterious health impacts oxidative nitrosative stress. disrupts multiple signal transduction pathways effectively promotes carcinogenesis by activating oncogenes, inhibiting tumor suppressors, upregulating invoke cutaneous inflammatory signaling. Currently, standard guidelines However, symptomatic treatments based assessment biopsies. summary, global reach arsenicosis serious threat need ongoing study future planning prevent improve populations risk.