Development and economic evaluation of an IPM program for fresh market tomato production in Mexico

摘要: Abstract An integrated pest management (IPM) program based on intensive sampling, parasite releases, use of the mating disruption technique, and applications microbial pesticides abamectin was developed for fresh market tomato industry in Sinaloa, Mexico. The IPM tomatoes compared with conventional practices an unmanaged control each three major agricultural valleys autumn winter crops, two spring plantings. amount marketable fruit production similar all treatments plantings, but significantly higher during densities Liriomyza sativae Blanchard Keiferia lycopersicella (Walsingham) eggs, larvae adults were substantially reduced treatment. Percent damage by Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), Heliocoverpa zea (Boddie) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) generally treatment (4.2–10.9%) as (0.9–3.7%). However, percent K. (6.49–30.4%) vs. (4.65–84.2%) Net profits (value at harvest minus cost control) lower input plots than treatments. In autumn, net ranged from US$304 to US$579 ha−1 carton values US$5–US$11, respectively. only approach profitable. offers substantial, long-term benefits comparison approach. Not considerably less, it: (1) potential pesticide resistance development; (2) possibility mammalian toxicity or non-target effects using less toxic that are specific activity; (3) provided chance contamination environmental damage.