Integrated pest management of Liriomyza trifolii: influence of avermectin, cyromazine, and methomyl on leafminer ecology in celery

摘要: Abstract The impact of weekly applications avermectin, cyromazine and methomyl on Lyriomyza trifolii (Burgess) an associated complex six parasite species was evaluated in celery, Apium graveolens L. Avermectin suppressed leafminer populations, but did not adversely affect (1) seasonal per cent parasitism, (2) adult mortality, or (3) survival emergence immature parasites from treated foliage. Although use also reduced density, significant reductionsin greatly diminished the potential for biological control by lowering parasitism increasing trifolii: ratio. Methomyl application lepidopterous larvae increased density percent reducing parasites. Species composition least affected avermectin methomyl. Cyromazine significantly relative abundance some key species. Major included family Eulophidae: Diglyphus intermedius (Girault), D. begini (Ashmead), Chrysonotomyia (Achrysocharella) punctiventris (Crawford), Chrysocharis parksi Crawford C. ainsliei Crawford, Pteromalidae: Halticoptera circulus (Walker). incorporation these compounds into integrated pest management program celery tomatoes, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., is discussed.