Co-management- : An attainable partnership? Two cases from James Bay, Northern Quebec and Torres Strait, Northern Queensland

摘要: IntroductionThis paper examines the potential for co-management arrangements to assist in preserving rights and interests land sea resources of indigenous1 hunting/fishing peoples, mediate conflicts over between these peoples state central governments,2 two cases: Cree subarctic James Bay, northern Quebec (Canada) indigenous Melanesians tropical islands reefs Torres Strait, Queensland (Australia). It is motivated by questions that we believe be crucial importance not just comanagement per se, but character relations "settler states" more broadly, which are expressions. These include following. To what extent, under circumstances, can with management systems built on principles consent, as opposed coercion? What manner institutional design might overcoming-in practice if legal-constitutional theory-the state's dogmatic insistence its own jurisdictional monopoly? And factors enable actors reduce asymmetries power contexts conflicting resource development goals? We do pretend fully answer questions, brief histories analysis disappointment improvement present Crees Islanders provide some direction.These groups have features common many occupying peripheral areas settler (Havemann 1999; Perry 1996): a significant measure reliance wildlife subsistence commercial purposes, thought "crisis" regard declining stocks; continued customary tenure, knowledge, local systems; multiple industrial pressures traditional resources; majority status their populations within territories; available legal policy manoeuvres they attempt maintain or regain control resources. Both been leaders, respective countries, establishing self-governing structures gaining recognition Native title rights.A contemporary movement global political environmental processes aimed at increased co-operation natural (Abel Friesen 1991; Berkes 1989; Pinkerton Usher 1997). This occurring only because growing international prominence ideologies along other human (Niezen 2000), also it increasingly evident knowledge participation communities fundamental devising strategies environmentally sustainable use, coping changes both scope consequence (UNCED 1993; WCED 1987). testing limits achieve genuine decentralization, sharing powers, accommodation ethnonational aspirations.Co-management carries particular burden developed "settler" states such Australia Canada, where immigrant majorities pose impediments agenda people sovereign homeland The power-sharing implicit idea seems project decolonization, notwithstanding small size states, signalled determination bring about reform. Declarations Bay will exercise right determine affiliation event separation from rest Canada (Grand Council 1998), Strait reserve option secession (Lui 1994), without impact arenas national opinion. …