Body Mass and Lipid Changes by Hibernating Reproductive and Nonreproductive Black Bears

摘要: This study, conducted on female black bears from 3 study areas in the Rocky Mountains, showed that pregnant females a state of diapause during early winter had about 89% larger fat depots than did nonreproductive going into hibernation. Fat provided 92% total energy for lactation and gestation. Rates loss (g/day) were 37% greater protein 2.4 times higher reproductive females. The cost reproduction, including gestation lactation, was 1,432 kJ/day to produce 2 young. Although reproduction required elevated breakdown, rates overall relatively small, perhaps due short period implantation an extraordinary ability hydrolyze urea.