Autoimmune skin diseases: Role of sex hormones, vitamin d, and menopause

摘要: Autoimmune diseases that affect the skin occur predominantly in women and are classified as rheumatic diseases. They include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, Sjogren’s syndrome, scleroderma. Data support idea estrogen elevates autoantibodies T helper 2 responses promotes fibrosis by stimulating profibrotic interleukin-4 transforming growth factor-β fibroblast factor, all of which contribute to increased inflammation women. Epidemiological data indicate more than 60 % postmenopausal have vitamin D insufficiency 16 deficient. Vitamin deficiency is far common among with controls associated worse disease severity cutaneous manifestations. This chapter describes our current understanding role sex hormones, D, effect menopause on development autoimmune