Miniatures, morphology and molecules: Paedocypris and its phylogenetic position (Teleostei, Cypriniformes)

摘要: We review the morphological and molecular evidence that Mayden & Chen recently used to infer developmentally truncated fish genus Paedocypris is not a member of teleost order Cypriniformes or carp-like fishes, but ‘the basal sister group all Cypriniformes’. This hypothesis contradicts several previous studies sequence data characters. A characters discussed mapped onto their ‘simplified tree’ shows these, analysed alone, rather support close relationship cyprinids Sundadanio, Danionella, Paedocypris. also present four additional analyses data, which contradict Chen's result. Despite its highly reductive skeleton, posing serious problem when analysing phylogenetic position with skeletal characters, presence in basioccipital masticatory plate compelling it Cyprinoidei (Cyprinidae plus Psilorhynchidae). Our reanalysis exploration only single gene, EGR3, six nuclear genes by Chen, responsible for as Three independent methods visualize analyse signal conflict sets (phylogenetic networks, splits analysis SAMS, site-wise likelihood analyses) reveal high level character noise set. The ‘basal’ seems be outcome interplay two long-branch effects. apply same analytical set from Ruber et al.'s discuss our findings. conclude none compiled date can establish confidence. Morphological suggest Danionella are genera, closest relative although these three miniatures among cyprinoids still unclear. © 2014 Linnean Society London