Signals and signal-transduction systems in the control of development in Hydra and Hydractinia.

摘要: Pattern control in Hydra has traditionally been assigned to the determining influence of morphogens and neuropeptides. However, at present, arachidonic acid its derivative 12-S-HETE are only identified, potential signal molecules known promote head bud formation. More potent factors might exist but not yet identified. Nonetheless, it is possible evoke development an almost unlimited number supernumerary structures induce ectopic foot formation by interference with PI-PKC transducing system. Such can also rescue regeneration-deficient mutant reg-16. Regarding signals Hydractinia, metamorphosis induced external key stimulus, i.e. a lipid derived from environmental bacteria. The reception this stimulus involves PKC-mediated responses. Upon reception, neuropeptide released as internal, synchronising signal. Members novel LWamide family peptides appear represent internal In postmetamorphic development, glycoprotein SIF serves inducer stolon