Empirical wind model for the upper, middle and lower atmosphere

摘要: Abstract The HWM90 thermospheric wind model has been revised in the lower thermosphere and extended into mesosphere, stratosphere atmosphere to provide a single analytic for calculating zonal meridional profiles representative of climatological average various geophysical conditions. Gradient winds from CIRA-86 plus rocket soundings, incoherent scatter radar, MF meteor radar data base are supplemented by previous driven summaries. Low-order spherical harmonics Fourier series used describe major variations throughout including latitude, annual, semiannual, local time (tides), longitude (stationary wave 1), with cubic spline interpolation altitude. represents smoothed compromise between original sources. Although agreement sources is generally good, some systematic differences noted, particularly near mesopause. Overall root mean square dar.a values on order 15 m/s mesosphere 10 winds, 5 respectively winds.