Bench to bedside: evidence for brain injury after concussion--looking beyond the computed tomography scan

摘要: The emergency management of cerebral concussion typically centers on the decision to perform a head computed tomography (CT) scan, which only rarely detects hemorrhagic lesions requiring neurosurgery. absence hemorrhage CT scan often is equated with lack brain injury. However, observational studies revealing poor long-term cognitive outcome after suggest that injury may be present despite normal scan. To explore this idea further, authors reviewed evidence for objective neurologic in humans concussion, particular emphasis those CT. This comes from involving tissue pathology, scanning, magnetic resonance image (MRI) serum biomarkers, formal and balance tests, functional MRI, positron emission tomography, single-photon scanning. Each section accompanied by technical information help reader understand what these tests are, not endorse their use clinically. discuss strengths weaknesses each case. These reports make compelling case existence as clinically relevant disease demonstrable pathology. Areas future medicine research are suggested.