Application of material flow analysis for the assessment of current municipal solid waste management in Karachi, Pakistan.

摘要: This article assesses the status of solid waste management system (SWMS) in Karachi, largest city Pakistan, using material flow analysis approach, a widely applied method (WM) studies. It involves systematic assessment flows under current WM system. A diagram is developed to visualize input and output flows. study shows quantification identification municipal (MSW) for year 2019, from point generation end-use disposal. Results show that MSW increased 10,435 15,600 metric tonnes per day (TPD) between 2017 2019. Approximately, 75% generated collected: formally (50%); informally (25%). The recovery low, accounting only 26.28% total waste. There no official recycling facility. Therefore, solely depends on informal sector. 70% daily ends up landfills, which 3120 TPD more than collected estimated either due disposal activities backlogged or Overall, Karachi's SWMS performs poorly with significant need improvement. recommends adopting integrated approaches inclusion sector ensure affordability sustainability