Non-invasive acoustic detection of wolves

摘要: AbstractMonitoring wolves (Canis lupus) is a difficult and often expensive task due to high mobility, pack dynamic, shyness nocturnal activity of this species. Wolves communicate acoustically through howling, within with packs the neighbourhood. A wolf howl low-frequency vocalization that can be transmitted over long distances thus it used for monitoring. Elicited howling survey current method monitor in different areas all world. however, may invasive residential could create possible negative reactions from human population. Here we show detect by recording spontaneous events. We measured sound pressure level howls captive individuals further found elicited recorded clearly identified up distance 3 km. finally conducted non-invasive acoustic detection free-ranging The use passive s...