Strategies for directing cells into building functional hearts and parts

摘要: The increasing population of patients with heart disease and the limited availability organs for transplantation have encouraged multiple strategies to fabricate healthy implantable cardiac tissues. One main challenges in tissue engineering is direct cell behaviors form functional three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic constructs. This article provides a brief review on various sources used highlights effect scaffold-based signals such as topographical biochemical cues stiffness. Then, conventional novel micro-engineered bioreactors development tissues will be explained. Bioreactor-based including mechanical electrical control behavior also elaborated detail. Finally, application computational fluid dynamics design suitable discussed. presents current state-of-the-art, emerging directions future trends that critically appraise concepts involved approaches cells building hearts parts.