The Impact of End-use Dynamics on Urban Water System Design Criteria

摘要: The potential impact of demand reduction strategies (reuse/source substitution via tanks/installing water efficient appliances) on urban system design criteria (average/peak demands and wastewater flows) was investigated using two months detailed end-use monitoring from a single house. Reductions in regular use events (shower/toilet) had larger average demand/flows, while reductions sporadic (outdoor/washing machine) peak demands/flows. Highest predicted 71%/83% average/ occurred when 5 kL tank to supply toilet, washing machine (5-star), outdoor hot use. Further research is needed quantify these impacts scale. Given the for infrastructure costs this considered high priority.