Birds Flush Early and Avoid the Rush: An Interspecific Study

摘要: Since 1986, studies about the escape decisions made by prey are grounded in optimal theory (OET) which states that will initiate when risk of remaining and costs leaving equal. However, a recent hypothesis, Flush Early Avoid Rush (FEAR), acknowledged cost monitoring approaching predators might be ubiquitous cost. The FEAR hypothesis predicts generally flee soon after they detect predator so as to minimize incurred predator. Knowing whether animals reduce is applied interest because wildlife managers use behavior create set-back zones human-wildlife conflict. Here we provide most comprehensive assessment using data collected from 178 bird species representing 67 families two continents. explains 79% studied species. Because widespread phenomenon drives birds, alert distance must systematically incorporated into design protect vulnerable