Time to leave? Immediate response of roe deer to experimental disturbances using playbacks

摘要: Despite frequent exposure to disturbances or threats, some species seem be successful in human-dominated landscapes. In order better understand how these respond disturbance linked human activities, we studied the immediate response of roe deer playback experiments conducted an agricultural landscape where activities are omnipresent and hunting is frequent. During two periods contrasted risk, performed (with dog barks tractor engine noises) with experimenters that were either stationary walked towards deer. We modelled probability fleeing immediately after start experiment. The was around 0.3 when located 100 m away from did not move but greater initially closer animal approached during Surprisingly, responses vary between contrasting risk relation type sound played. This study provides experimental evidence a high level reactivity this sedentary confronted disturbance. argue may partly explain its success environments, allowing it exploit rich feeding resources provided by landscapes relatively safe way.