A Deep Search for Additional Satellites around the Dwarf Planet Haumea

摘要: Haumea is a dwarf planet with two known satellites, an unusually high spin rate, and large collisional family, making it one of the most interesting objects in outer solar system. A fully self-consistent formation scenario responsible for satellite family still elusive, but some processes predict initial many small moons, similar to moons recently discovered around Pluto. Deep searches regular satellites KBOs are difficult due observational limitations, few which sufficient data exist. We analyze Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations, focusing on ten-consecutive-orbit sequence obtained July 2010, search new very satellites. To maximize depth, we implement validate non-linear shift-and-stack method. No additional found, by implanting recovering artificial sources, characterize our sensitivity. At distances between $\sim$10,000 km $\sim$350,000 from Haumea, radii as $\sim$10 ruled out, assuming albedo ($p \simeq 0.7$) Haumea. also rule out larger than $\gtrsim$40 Hill sphere using other HST data. This method rules size By developing clear criteria determining number rates use, find that far fewer shift required ($\sim$35) might be expected. The discover (and moving transients) tractable, particularly regime where motion begins manifest itself.