Principles of assessment from a clinical perspective

摘要: Physicians apply assessments every day in clinical practice. Common practice is impossible without measurements and tests. Testing looks rather straightforward: a test result either positive or negative. Unfortunately, this simplicity not keeping with truth. At the base of measuring testing lies assumption uncertainty: we do know whether patient has disease, can only estimate probability that he disease by performing (chain of) test(s). Every leaves open chance wrong decision taken on basis result. It challenge for clinician to get better insight into process, as well minimize decisions. By using number examples, describe here principles assessment from two different perspectives: perspective test, individual patient. The former incorporates test-specific characteristics, such sensitivity, specificity, accuracy cut-off levels, latter deals probabilities 'Bayesian' concept.