作者: Helen A. Baghdoyan , Ralph Lydic
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374947-5.00057-2
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摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems that, when altered, causes disorders of sleep. Sleep occurs as two states, rapid eye movement (REM) non-rapid (NREM), these states are distinct from each other one is wakefulness. NREM sleep REM oscillate with an ultradian frequency. Alternations between wakefulness modulated by circadian system homeostatic processes that regulate recovery restriction deprivation. The neurochemical bases homeostatic mechanisms regulates remains to be discovered. All placental, terrestrial mammals have traits similar those humans. Therefore, animal models useful for providing insights into neurochemical neurophysiological generate Neural able now recognized play a role in loss caused anesthetic drugs recent advances concerning shared regulation anesthesia selectively reviewed.